نشریه روان شناسی فرهنگی زن
پیاپی 42 (زمستان 1398)

The purpose of this study was to review violence against women in fictional works of Fariba Vafi. In this study, violence against women and injuries that affect women was studied by a descriptive-analytic way. Fariba Vafi is a realist writer whose most important concern is women's problems and considered the story as a context for expressing the suffering of women in society. In her stories, from the view point of female characters, she pointed to the details of women life and the types of violence they experienced. According to the review of the author's works, it was showed that women and girls have experienced violence in most of Vafi's stories. The results revealed that women in her stories have a rigid and stagnant personality, and often become victims of patriarchy and the demands of masculine society and were passive in the face of violence. Some of these women become isolated and silent, suffered mental and psychological crises and others suffered social harms.

Thecurrent research was conducted with the aim of determining the cognitive behavioral therapy effectiveness on the intolerance of uncertainty and dysfunctional attitudes among divorce applicant women in Tehran city. Research statistical population consisted of all divorce applicant women who referred to divorce official centers in Tehran in fall 2018. 30 individuals were selected using purposeful sampling method and were randomly assigned into an experimental group and a control group (n=15). This was a quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest and control group design. The Intoleranceof Uncertainty Scale (Freeston etal., 1994) and Weissman and Beck`s Dysfunctional Attitudes Questionnaire were used in two stages of pre-test and post-test to collect data.The experimental group received cognitive behavioral intervention in nine 90-minutes group sessions twice a week. The control group was on the waiting list for two months. Research data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). Findings showed that CBT significantly affects the intolerance of uncertainty reduction and dysfunctional attitudes among divorce applicant women.

The aim of this research is to study the level of parallelism (vocal, vocab and syntax) and the effect of them in Fadvi poems the Palestinian contemporary Arabic world poet. She is one of the poets who have used parallelism in her poems. The research is by descriptive- analytical method and by using librarian sources and qualitative study she studied the e parallelism in poems of Fadvi Tooghan. The findings of the research show that in the subject of parallelism the repetition has the most importance and also is an important element in making music. Fadvi Tooghan made very beautiful poems by using this repetition which a wise reader can understand it by reading them. Fadvi Tooghan has used parallelism in vocal, vocab and syntax levels and this similarity in text structure has made her poem very fabulous. She has made her poem outstanding in verbal level by repeating sounds, letters words and compounds which cause emphasize in semantic level, this issue shows that the verbal structures effects on meaning transmissions. It looks that the repetition of parallelism in vocalic level is more than verbal and syntax levels, because in verbal and syntax parallelism the parallelism of vocal can be find.

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors and consequences of women's returning to education in Ghaemshahr. The study population was adult female undergraduate students in the city. Fifteen adult female students from Farvardin University of Ghaemshahr were selected using convince sampling procedure over 36 years old. The qualitative research approach was phenomenological. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and coded then analyzed using content analysis. The analysis of the data showed that various factors played roles in shaping the transformative learning in women. The most important potential influences were shown to be the devoid of feeling, the death of a beloved, engagement in a relationship, divorce, and job loss. Five factors of mental health, family, achievement goals, financial security, and obtaining an educational degree were identified to be the reasons for the entry of adult women into higher education. In addition, according to the results of this study, four themes of growth of critical thinking, cultural change, affections, and spirituality were identified as transformational learning outcomes in this study.

In this search, our goal is the phenomenological study of Iranian women features in their itineraries to Europe at two centuries ago. The statistical population consisted of Iranian travelogues who went to the top and based on literary history, three travelogues of Mir Abdul Latif Shooshtari (1805), Mirza Asalah Shirazi (1815) and Mirzahadi Alavi Shirazi (1813) were selected as the sample. The research design is descriptive-analytical that qualitative method and a phenomenological approach are studied. This itinerary is a representation of Iranians first encounter to the new world. Representing the new age women pictures is one of the most important cognitive elements of such itineraries. The Qajarid society knew no image but a traditional woman, but these itineraries, pawed the pavement for the women acquaintance and their cultural and social presence in that society at the constitutional age by introducing and portraying of the modern woman. These itineraries, besides introducing the “European women”, describe the changes in women's role, and their husband finding methods as well as the changes in the families' structure and the women problems, and the ability of modern women versus traditional women element is seriously concentrated on. As each of the itinerants find this ability in a triplet of “flagrancy”, “unchastity”, and “perfection”, according to their lived and phenomenological experience. They see the new women models, who have reached to being subject and indepenance, carrying one of these valuations in their phenomenological experience, and reflect it in their itineraries.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the criteria and framework for designing or modulating urban spaces for women. The study population was the women whose urban needs for problems and lack of space in their community throughout the history were ignored. The research design was an applied type. The data collection tools were library data and research databases related to women in architecture and urban planning. The collected theoretical bases were analyzed using descriptive-analytical method. The results showed that in the past, the status and activity of women in urban areas were more and more defined, and women were taking care of their daily activities in comfort and safety. Unlike in the past, in today's societies, the lack of attention to the context of public space and the allocation of appropriate social space for women has led to a lack of security. In the dominated modern world of society, women's needs have been removed from urban planning and architecture, and the environment has become a completely masculine environment. The components of mental, physical, security, and physiological differences between men and women are major and very influential factors in the quality of urban spaces suitable for women. The relevance of these components to the urban design criteria could be a great help in building a more cohesive city with women and stimulating their greater presence in society.

The purpose of this study was determining the effectiveness of spirituality therapy on hope and self-concept in women with Multiple Sclerosis disease in Isfahan city at 2018. The statistical population in this research were consisted of all women with Multiple Sclerosis who referred to Al-Zahra hospital that . 30 subjects were selected with purposeful sampling method from the mentioned population and were randomly divided to an experimental and control group (15 individuals each group). The research method was semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test design and control group.  The Adult Hope Scale (Snyder, 1991) and Beck Self- Concept Test (1985) were implemented for data gathering. The experimental group received spirituality therapy for eight sessions (each session 90 minutes) and control group were not exposed to any intervention. The data were analyzed with One Way Analysis of Covariance. The results showed that spirituality therapy was effective on hope and self-concept of the women with M.S. diseases (p<0/05).

The aim of this study was to investigate the individual, psychological, economic, social, and cultural factors affecting the women to shopping addiction.The general approach of the research was a qualitative approach, based on the experimental phenomenology and implying the lived experience research tradition through the process of deep interview. In this regard, via using the purposive (judgmental) sampling method, the experiences of 15 women were collected and analyzed through the three-step; open, axial and selective coding process. The results were presented in causal, contextual, interventionist, and strategic conditions of classification and its consequences. The findings indicated that the present conditions such as anxiety and depression, emotion-seeking, negative emotions, failure in different parts of life, self-anger, tendency to prove superiority, overemphasis on others' views, hopelessness An unpleasant impression of appearance, thirst for shopping, and so on, if left unchecked, could lead to addiction to shopping and have consequences for the individual and those around him.